Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna
Ravenna, Italy
527~547
The Basilica of San Vitale represents a revolutionary departure from traditional basilica architecture through its octagonal centrally-planned design. This innovative double-shelled structure features eight large piers supporting a dome constructed with hollow ceramic tubes—an early example of structural clay tile technology. Seven galleried niches surround the central space, while the eighth becomes a rectangular choir, creating dynamic spatial relationships. The complex preserves extraordinary Byzantine mosaics, including imperial portraits of Justinian and Theodora. The adjacent Mausoleum of Galla Placidia showcases jewel-like gold and sapphire-blue tesserae creating a luminous starry vault, representing the finest gem-studded mosaic craftsmanship of late antiquity.
拉文纳早期基督教纪念碑
意大利 拉文纳
527~547
圣维塔莱圣殿以其八角形中央式设计彻底颠覆了传统巴西利卡建筑形制，成为拜占庭建筑革新的典型代表。其创新的双层围合结构由八根巨柱支撑，采用空心陶管技术构建圆顶——这是结构陶瓷的早期应用。七个带廊道的半圆壁龛围绕中央空间，第八个则转化为矩形圣坛，形成富有韵律的空间层次。建筑群保存着伊斯坦布尔以外最大的拜占庭马赛克收藏，包括查士丁尼和狄奥多拉皇帝夫妇的帝王肖像。毗邻的加拉·普拉西狄亚陵墓以宝石般的金色与宝蓝色马赛克镶嵌营造璀璨星空穹顶，代表古代晚期最精湛的宝石镶嵌工艺，开创了后世圆形教堂建筑的先河。